Presence of Galanin‐Like Immunoreactivity in Mesenchymal and Neural Crest Origin Tissues During Embryonic Development in the Mouse
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Galanin is a highly conserved neuropeptide with a wide range of biological effects. Recently, through transcriptome analysis, galanin was identified in undifferentiated mouse embryonic stem cells as one of the most abundant transcripts. We have examined the developmental expression of galanin-like immunoreactivity in mice from embryonic day 10 (E10) to embryonic day 15 (E15). At E10, galanin was readily detected in the undifferentiated head and trunk mesenchyme of both mesodermal and neural crest origin. There was also strong immunoreactivity in the mesenchymal spiral ridges of the outflow tract of the heart and the endocardial cushions. The highest level of galanin detected was at E13 in the craniofacial mesenchyme and proliferating chondrocytes in bones of both neural crest and mesoderm origin. Dorsal root ganglia and trigeminal ganglia contained galanin immunoreactive cells as well. These data indicate the presence of galanin peptide during periods of morphogenesis and thus a developmental role for the peptide in mesenchymal and neural crest origin tissues in the mouse embryo. Whether galanin has a growth and/or differentiating role, still remains to be demonstrated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".