Numerical and experimental investigation of the effects of pollution on glass suspension-type insulators
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study presents both numerical and experimental results regarding the effects of pollution on the flashover performance of glass suspension-type insulators. The finite element method (FEM) was used for simulating polluted insulators both at power frequency and at lightning impulse voltages. Partially conductive epoxy resin with graphite powder was used for modeling pollution on the insulators, which enabled the measurement of the electrical potentials on the polluted insulators. Numerical studies demonstrated the variations in the field distributions caused by the location and severity of the pollution as well as by the type of voltage applied. The simulations, which were verified to a degree through measurement, showed that pollution conductivities greater than 10-6 S/m and 10-3 S/m alter field distributions for power frequency and lightning impulse voltages, respectively. Unlike the results obtained for partially polluted insulators, the voltage distribution was almost linear for fully polluted insulators. Experimental studies revealed that the location of the partial pollution plays an important role in flashover performance for lightning impulse voltages but has a negligible effect for power frequency voltages.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".