Sound generation by a street of vortices in a nonuniform flow
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Propagation of acoustic waves originating from periodic vortices deforming in a nonuniform flow about a rigid body is examined numerically using a high-order compact finite-difference approximation. The governing equations are approximated by the linearized Euler equations in terms of disturbances. The aim of the study is to determine the sound directivity and strength as a result of the vortex street interaction with a solid body under subsonic base flow conditions. Both the vortex core diameter and vortex street spacing have a minor influence on the amplitude of the produced sound wave. When low-frequency vortex streets interact with a cylinder, the produced sound waves are very different from those that originated from high-frequency vortex streets. The interaction mechanism, sound generation, and propagation in a nonuniform flow are quite different for Taylor and Vatistas’ vortex streets. In the case of a low-frequency Vatistas vortex street, the root-mean-square (RMS) value of the acoustic pressure has a well-defined sound directivity and amplitude. The former is greatly affected by the Mach number of the mean flow. For a high-frequency Vatistas vortex street, the RMS of acoustic pressure becomes highly nonmonotonic in the angular direction, while the mean flow Mach number has a moderate effect on the RMS angular profile. The striking differences in the sound amplitude and directivity for Taylor and Vatistas vortices are discussed in terms of their vorticity distribution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".