Interpretation of uplift load tests on belled piers in Gobi gravel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Belled piers are widely applied in Gobi gravel to withstand axial tensile loads for transmission towers in Northwest China. This study evaluates the pullout performance of belled piers in Gobi gravel. Forty-one full-scale belled piers were installed at seven sites, and pullout load testing was conducted for each foundation. In general, the uplift load – shaft-head displacement curves of the belled piers in Gobi gravel approximately exhibited an initial linear, a curvilinear transition, and a final linear region, and their capacities should be interpreted from the load test results. Four representative uplift interpretation criteria (Chin, slope tangent, tangent intersection, and L1–L2) were used to evaluate the capacity of each belled pier. The results were interrelated to establish a generalized correlation among these interpreted capacities using a mean normalized uplift load–displacement curve. Based on these analyses, the relative interrelationships of these criteria were established, and the use of these methods was suggested.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".