Ultrastructure and immunocytochemistry of the hostpathogen interface in poinsettia leaves infected with powdery mildew
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy of high-pressure frozen and freeze-substituted samples was used to examine details of the hostpathogen interface in poinsettia leaf epidermal cells infected by the powdery mildew fungus Oidium sp. Cryofixation provided excellent preservation of both host cells and fungal haustoria. Each haustorium possessed a slender neck and an expanded body with numerous slender, aseptate, coiled lobes. The extrahaustorial membrane that separated each haustorium from the cytoplasm of an invaded host cell appeared thicker than other cellular membranes and was highly convoluted, particularly near the distal end of the haustorium neck. The neck of each haustorium was encased by a papilla that formed in response to the development of a haustorium. Immunogold labeling was used to elucidate the chemical nature of these papillae. Epitopes of callose, xyloglucan, and arabinogalactan proteins were localized in three separate regions of papillae. The localization sites for these compounds in poinsettia pa pillae differed somewhat from their reported locations in papillae of various other plants infected by either true fungi or oomycetes. In the current study, no labeling with the antibodies used was observed on the extrahaustorial matrix, the extrahaustorial membrane, the fungal plasma membrane, or the host plasma membrane.Key words: Oidium sp., Euphorbia pulcherrima, hostpathogen interactions, papillae, haustoria.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".