Wartime mortality in Italy's Thirty Years War: The duchy of Parma 1635-1637
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Résumé Cette recherche prend la mesure de l’impact démographique de la guerre de Trente Ans en Italie du Nord pour la première fois, axée sur le petit duché de Parme et de Plaisance, allié de la France. Plutôt que de déterminer les dimensions de la population globale avant et après la guerre, cette étude calcule les pertes réelles parmi les soldats et les civils. Les résultats, qui restent approximatifs, révèlent que les pertes parmi les civils dépassaient de très loin celles des militaires, suite à la faim et des maladies diverses. La différence principale par rapport à l’Allemagne fut que cette mortalité d’environ 4% de la population totale était infligée dans quelques mois seulement d’occupation par l’armée espagnole.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".