Prediction of end-bearing capacity of rock-socketed shafts considering rock quality designation (RQD)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Existing empirical methods for determining the end-bearing capacity, q max , use empirical relations between q max and the unconfined compressive strength of intact rock, σ c . As rock-socketed shafts are supported by the rock mass, not just the intact rock, one should consider not only the intact rock properties, but also the influence of discontinuities on rock mass properties when determining q max . Although semi-empirical and analytical methods have been developed that can consider the effect of discontinuities, they are more complicated than the empirical relations and require information about discontinuities that is often not available or difficult to obtain in engineering practice. In this paper, an empirical relation between q max and the unconfined compressive strength of rock mass, σ cm , is developed. The new empirical relation explicitly considers the effect of discontinuities represented by rock quality designation (RQD), which is the parameter normally obtained in engineering practice. The accuracy of the expression for estimating σ cm based on RQD is verified by comparing its estimation values with those from the existing empirical expressions based on rock mass classification. Two examples are presented to show the application of the newly developed empirical relation between q max and σ cm .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".