Investigation of the Role of Nucleating Agents in MgO−SiO<sub>2</sub>−Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>−SiO<sub>2</sub>−TiO<sub>2</sub> Glasses and Glass-Ceramics: A XANES Study at the Ti K- and L<sub>2,3</sub>-Edges
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We report a X-ray absorption study at Ti K- and L 2,3 -edges to determine the role of TiO 2 content as a nucleating agent in glass ceramics. It is found that the local Ti environment is not modified with TiO 2 addition, indicating that medium range organization is responsible for its ability to promote internal versus bulk nucleation. We have identified a Ti coordination change between the nucleation front and the crystallized part of the glass ceramic. These changes correspond to conversion from 5-fold coordinated to 4-fold coordinated Ti in the remaining glassy part, resulting from compositional changes. This reveals that active sites for nucleation could be experimentally detected and that reorganization of the glass matrix during nucleation has a major influence on the ongoing nucleation processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".