Mössbauer spectra of single-domain fine particle systems described using a multiple-level relaxation model for superparamagnets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A multilevel relaxation model has been developed to describe the dynamic behavior of a single-domain particle from blocked through to superparamagnetic. When combined with an accurate expression for the relaxation time and a log-normal particle size distribution, this model successfully describes the M\"ossbauer spectra of real fine particle systems at all temperatures of interest, and yields consistent values for anisotropy and blocking temperature. Spectra of two ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ ferrofluids and a polysaccharide iron complex have been fitted. Blocking temperatures ${(T}_{B})$ determined with our model agree with those extrapolated from frequency dependent ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{ac}}$ data. Anisotropy energies $(K)$ are in the range of $1--3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{4}\mathrm{J}/{\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ and superparamagnetic relaxation times are $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ s. Interparticle interactions are shown to reduce both K and ${T}_{B}.$
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".