Travel time, speed, and delay analysis using an integrated GIS/GPS system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The backbone of any successful Integrated Traffic Management System (ITMS) for a metropolis is reliable, accurate, and real-time data. Travel time, speed, and delay are three of the most important factors used in ITMS for quantifying, monitoring, and controlling congestion. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) have recently become available for civil applications. As it provides real-time spatial and time measurements, it has an increasing use in conducting different transportation studies. This paper presents the application of GPS in collecting travel time, speed, and delay information on 64 major roads throughout the State of Delaware. A comparative statistical analysis was performed on data collected by GPS method, with data collected simultaneously by the conventional method. The GPS data proved to be at least as accurate as the data collected by conventional methods and was 50% more efficient in terms of manpower. Moreover, the sample-size requirement was determined to maintain 95% confidence level throughout the controlled test. Statistical trend analyses for the data collected from 1997 to 2000 are also presented and applications in the overall ITMS area are discussed.Key words: global positioning system, geographic information system, travel time and delay studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".