Effects of Acculturation, Leisure Benefits, and Leisure Constraints on Acculturative Stress And Self-esteem Among Korean Immigrants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, we sought to assess the role that leisure benefits and constraints play in facilitating acculturation, allaying acculturative stress, and enhancing self-esteem among Korean-Americans. Data were collected from a sample of Koreans living primarily in large cities in the United States. Results provided partial support for the proposed theoretical model. As predicted, acculturation was negatively related to acculturative stress and positively related to self-esteem, and acculturative stress was negatively related to self-esteem. The leisure benefits construct was significantly and positively related to only self-esteem. Contrary to what we predicted, however, the leisure benefits construct was not significantly related to acculturation and was positively, rather than negatively, related to acculturative stress (although only at the 0.1 level of significance). Finally, the leisure constraints construct was significantly related to acculturative stress but not to the level of acculturation or self-esteem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".