Particle Image Velocimetry Based Measurement of Entropy Production With Free Convection Heat Transfer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Local entropy production rates are determined from a numerical and experimental study of natural convection in an enclosure. Numerical predictions are obtained from a control-volume-based finite element formulation of the conservation equations and the Second Law. The experimental procedure combines methods of particle image velocimetry and planar laser induced fluorescence for measured velocity and temperature fields in the enclosure. An entropy based conversion algorithm in the measurement procedure is developed and compared with numerical predictions of free convection in the cavity. The predicted and measured results show close agreement. A measurement uncertainty analysis suggests that the algorithm postprocesses velocities (accurate within ±0.5%) to give entropy production data, which is accurate within ±8.77% near the wall. Results are reported for free convection of air and water in a square cavity at various Rayleigh numbers. The results provide measured data for tracking spatial variations of friction irreversibility and local exergy losses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".