LANGUAGE CHOICE AND EDUCATION RIGHTS IN QUEBEC: BILL 101 PASSES THE SUPREME COURT TEST?
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Language of instruction has been a controversial issue in Quebec for many decades. During the 1960s and 70s, various attempts were made by provincial governments to solve the problem of accommodating the competing demands and interests of the various linguistic groups, while attempting to protect and promote the position of French. The principle of free choice of English or French-speaking schools had resulted in immigrants, for example, tending overwhelmingly to choose English schools. The Charter of the French Language (Bill 101), enacted in 1977,1 was a major development in Quebec's language policy. It provided inter alia that schooling in public and subsidized private kindergarten, elementary and secondary schools in Quebec would be in French, except in certain circumstances where access to education through English would be permitted. It is widely accepted that this provision had a major impact on immigrants' transfer patterns to French rather than English: by 2000–1, 90.2 per cent of immigrants were attending French schools.2
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it