Murine Norovirus: a Model System To Study Norovirus Biology and Pathogenesis
Why is this work in the frame?
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame — the usual design — would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
- Teacher spread
- 0.347 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
Human noroviruses are the major cause of nonbacterial, epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide (19,23,33,46) and cause significant numbers of endemic cases, as well.One study from 1999 estimated that, in the United States alone, human noroviruses cause 23 million cases of gastroenteritis and 50,000 hospitalizations per year (49).Norovirus outbreaks involve people of all ages and often occur in crowded locations, such as cruise ships, aircraft carriers, nursing homes, hospitals, schools, and restaurants (23).Noroviruses are classified as class B biological agents due to their high infectivity and stability and to the suddenness of outbreaks and the debilitating nature of the disease.Despite the significant economic impact and considerable morbidity caused by human noroviruses, no drug or vaccine is currently available to treat or prevent human norovirus disease.In addition, many aspects of norovirus biology are not well understood.This is due in large part to the absence of a cell culture system or small animal model for human noroviruses (16,23).Although most noroviruses have been associated with gastrointestinal disease in humans, noroviruses of cattle, swine and mice have also been identified (36,44,70).Of these potential experimental models, the murine norovirus (MNV) is the only norovirus that replicates in cell culture and in a small animal (36,75).Moreover, laboratory mice are a versatile and relatively inexpensive model for the analysis of viral pathogenesis.A recent analysis of a large number of mouse serum samples from research colonies in the United States and Canada identified MNV-1 reactive antibodies in 22.1% of serum samples (30).In addition, over 35 new isolates of MNV have been found in research colonies (GenBank accession no.DQ223041 to DQ223043 and DQ269192 to DQ269205; unpublished observations).Therefore, MNV is one of the most prevalent pathogens in research mice today.Independent of its value as a potential model for norovirus infection, the impact of MNV infection on biomedical research, which is highly dependent on mice as experimental models, may be of great significance.The MNV model system provides the first opportunity to understand the relationship between basic mechanisms of norovirus replication in tissue culture and pathogenesis in a nat-
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
The record
- Venue
- Journal of Virology
- Topic
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Field
- Medicine
- Canadian institutions
- —
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthSan Diego State University
- Keywords
- NorovirusBiologyMurine norovirusVirologyPathogenesisImmunologyVirus
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes