The role of family acculturation, parental style, and perceived discrimination in the adaptation of second-generation immigrant youth in France and Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we examine the risk and protective factors that affect adolescents' psychological and socio-cultural adaptation within immigrant families. We consider how parents' and adolescents' acculturation orientations and parental socialization practices promote the adaptation of adolescents and protect them against discrimination in two receiving countries (France and Canada). Adolescents (N = 718), mothers (N = 625), and fathers (N = 518) filled out questionnaires. Analyses indicate similarities and differences between the two contexts. Country differences exist for intercultural relations, family climate, level of adaptation, and the factors that predict adaptation. Immigrant youth in France are less ethnic-oriented and tend to be more national-oriented, although their parents are less national-oriented than Canadian immigrant parents. French youth have lower self-esteem, are more involved in deviance and perceive more group discrimination. The French family climate appears to be more distant (less disclosure, more authoritarianism and less support from parents). According to hierarchical regression analyses, when protective factors are taken into account, discrimination still affects self-esteem of Canadian adolescents but not of French adolescents. Direct effects of parents' acculturation orientations and parental styles are observed in the French context, but not in the Canadian context. These results are interpreted within an ecocultural model of socialization and acculturation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".