IMMATURE CIRCULATING NEUTROPHILS IN SEPSIS HAVE IMPAIRED PHAGOCYTOSIS AND CALCIUM SIGNALING
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Patients with sepsis commonly develop leukocytosis, which is presumed to reflect a host response to infection. Effective phagocytosis by neutrophils is crucial in the clearance of invading microbes. However, efficacy of phagocytosis in sepsis is controversial. We hypothesized that host phagocytic capacity in sepsis can be affected by immature neutrophils that are released into the circulation. Circulating neutrophils were evaluated in 16 patients with severe sepsis and 5 healthy donors. Immature neutrophils were identified by the cell morphology. Phagocytosis was evaluated by micromanipulation technique and simultaneous cytosolic-free Ca2+ imaging. Leukocytosis was present in 12 of 16 patients. Nine of the 12 patients with leukocytosis and 3 of 4 patients with normal white blood cell counts had increased circulating immature neutrophils (mean, 39.3% +/- 20.7%; normal <or=5%). Quantification of the phagocytic activity revealed a significantly reduced phagocytic index of immature neutrophils as compared with mature neutrophils from both sepsis patients and healthy donors (25% +/- 5% vs. 69% +/- 8% and 42% +/- 6%; P < 0.05). As compared with mature neutrophils, the number of internalized zymosan particles within immature neutrophils was also significantly lower. Mature neutrophils from patients and healthy donors displayed a single rapid transient Ca signal during phagocytosis in contrast with weak signals from immature neutrophils. Our preliminary results show that phagocytic capacity of immature neutrophils is lower as compared with mature neutrophils. An increase in immature neutrophils in severe sepsis may undermine the overall phagocytic efficacy of a host despite observed leukocytosis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".