Reproducibility Of A 20 Km Cycling Time-trial In Competitive Cyclists Using The Velotron Pro Cycle Ergometer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Evaluation of performance enhancement in elite athletes is best achieved when using a test that closely simulates actual sport performance. It is also important that the test is as reliable and reproducible as elite athlete performance between competitions (∼ 1% coefficient of variation [CV]). Cycling time trial tests using air-braked cycle ergometers have been shown to be both valid and reproducible in trained cyclists. Reproducibility of time-trial performance using the Velotron Pro electronically-braked cycle ergometer has not yet been reported in such a group. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate performance reproducibility in a laboratory-based 20 km cycling time-trial using the Velotron Pro cycle ergometer in competitive cyclists. Methods Fifteen (13 males, 2 females) highly trained competitive cyclists(maximal aerobic power [VO2max] = 68.4 ± 5.7 ml kg−1min−1) participated in this study. Each subject performed one VO2max test and 3 separate 20 km time trials (TT1, TT2, TT3). Each time trial was separated by a minimum 48 hours with no intense exercise 24 hours prior. Subjects received no feedback as to their performances during the time trial. Data from all time trials were compared using a one-way analysis of variance with alpha set at 0.05. CV and 95% confidence limits (CI) were calculated between individual trials. Results Performance time (Ttot) (30.4 ± 1.9, 30.6 ± 1.9, and 30.7 ± 2.1 min) and average power output (Wavg) (319 ± 47, 314 ± 47, 310 ± 49 watts) were not different across TT1–TT3. Ttot was highly related between TT1 and TT2 (r = 0.99; p<0.01) as well as between TT2 and TT3 (r = 0.99; p<0.01). A low CV was demonstrated between individual trials for Ttot (TT1–TT2 = 0.5% and 95% CI was 0.4% to 0.9%; TT2–TT3 = 0.9% and 95% CI was 0.7% to 1.5%). Conclusions These data show that performance in a 20 km time-trial using the Velotron Pro ergometer is highly reproducible in competitive cyclists. Furthermore, the CV variance demonstrated between trials is comparable to that expected during actual performance in elite athletes. Supported by the World Anti-Doping Agency and Racermate Inc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".