Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Canada's coasts, which are primarily rocky, extend along three oceans and four Great Lakes. Many processes operate here in the same way as in other places, but glacio-isostatic uplift, coastal permafrost and ground and sea ice assume particular importance in the Canadian context. Only small amounts of wave erosion have occurred on the very resistant rocks of the Canadian Shield, where rapid changes in relative sea-level have limited the time that marine processes operated at any particular level. The Pacific coast and most of the northern Atlantic coast consist of fiords and most steep coastal slopes have been cut by glaciers. Marine processes have been more effective on weaker substrates in southern Canada, where there are a variety of stacks, arches, wave-eroded cliffs and wide shore platforms. Most work has been conducted on the southern Great Lakes, where rapid erosion and recession of glacial clay cliffs threaten human populations and infrastructure, and on the subhorizontal and sloping shore platforms of Atlantic Canada and eastern Québec.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.125 | 0.018 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".