Rayleigh-wave tomography at Coronation Field, Canada: The topography effect
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Within reflection seismology, surface waves or ground roll, are often considered a form of unwanted source-generated noise. Unlike body waves, surface waves propagate exclusively in the lateral direction and are virtually insensitive to structure deeper than one wavelength. For a nominal frequency of 5 Hz and phase velocity of 500 m/s, this means that a surface wave of the Rayleigh or Love type only feels the upper 100 m of the subsurface. As a result, surface waves cannot be used for imaging deep reflectors; however, they can be used to estimate near-surface properties (Xia et al., 1999; Ross et al., 2008), in particular the shear-wave velocity. Knowledge of near-surface velocity structure in turn can be used to estimate shear-wave statics in reflection seismology. Estimating statics in the presence of laterally varying structure (i.e., obtaining the long-wavelength static component) can be challenging.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".