TNFα Increases Binding of Air Pollutant Particles to Tracheal Epithelial Cells: Possible Role of ICAM-1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exposure of alveolar macrophages (MAC) to particulates frequently results in the production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). We have previously shown that TNFα increases the binding of amosite asbestos to tracheal epithelial cells and that this process proceeds via an NF-κ Bdependent mechanism. To examine whether TNFα affects binding of compact particles and air pollutant particles (PM) as well, we exposed rat tracheal explants to various concentrations of TNFα followed by Ottawa PM 10 , ROFA or fine TiO 2 . Using scanning electron microscopy, TNFα increased particle binding of all three species. This process could be partially prevented by cycloheximide, deferoxamine and tetramethylthiourea. The phosphotidyl-choline-related phospholipase C inhibitor, D609 and anti-ICAM antibody completely abolished the increase in binding. We conclude that TNFα is able to increase epithelial binding of PM particles to epithelial cells. Active oxygen species appear to play a role in binding, and TNFα-enhanced binding may be mediated through increases in ICAM-1 cell surface protein. Increased particle binding probably increases particle internalization and adverse molecular responses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".