The Proacrosin Binding Protein, sp32, Is Tyrosine Phosphorylated During Capacitation of Pig Sperm
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mammalian sperm must undergo capacitation, a preparation period in the female reproductive tract or in vitro, in order to fertilize. We have previously described a Mr 32 000 tyrosine phosphorylated protein, "p32," that appears in pig sperm during capacitation. The identity of p32 remains unknown; if and how it is involved during capacitation is not understood. The objective of the present study was to identify p32 by proteomic techniques. Western blotting of proteins separated successively under nonreducing and then reducing conditions showed the appearance of the tyrosine phosphorylated p32 only when sperm were incubated in capacitating conditions. The spot was sequenced by mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry and identified as "sp32," a protein implicated in proacrosin maturation. The same membranes probed with anti-sp32 antibody demonstrated that sp32 is present in both noncapacitating and capacitating conditions and revealed exactly the same spot as p32. Immunoprecipitation with either anti-phosphotyrosine or anti-sp32 antibody corroborated these results. Indirect immunofluorescence with anti-phosphotyrosine antibody or anti-sp32 antibody show similar labeling of capacitated sperm, supporting the hypothesis that p32 is a tyrosine phosphorylated form of sp32. After ionophore treatment to induce the acrosome reaction, anti-sp32 and anti-phosphotyrosine labeling on the acrosome disappeared. These results demonstrate that sp32, a (pro)acrosin binding protein, is the p32, a tyrosine phosphorylated protein related to capacitation. We will now focus on the significance of tyrosine phosphorylation on sp32 function during fertilization-related events.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it