Growth of large crystalline CuInSe 2 ingots
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In previous Bridgman growth of CuInSe2 ingots, weighted amounts of high purity materials are introduced together into quartz ampoules. During the initial heating, vigorous reaction occurs mainly between In and Se leading to a sudden increase in the temperature and hence the vapor pressure. Explosion often occurs when the total amount of materials exceeds 10 grams even with quartz ampoules with a wall thickness greater than 1 mm. Although the explosion can be avoided by having very slow initial heating rate, the total materials are still limited to 30 g or less for each growth run. Due to the limited materials, the dimensions of ingots grown in the previous experiments have been limited. In the present work, we have developed a method to control the reaction between Se and In in the initial heating stage and hence to reduce the rate of heat release in the exothermic reaction. Using this improved method, the limit on the material amounts can be increased. Crystalline ingots with a total weight of 300 g and diameter 3 cm have been grown.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".