Effects of low temperature on grain filling, amylose content, and activity of starch biosynthesis enzymes in endosperm of basmati rice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of low temperature on amylose contents and activities of key enzymes related to starch biosynthesis in basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm were investigated. Low temperature treatment prolonged the grain-filling period from 32 days to 53 days, but had no significant effect on the final grain weight. Results showed that low temperature during grain filling had no significant effect on total starch content but increased the amylose content in the mature endosperm of hulled rice by 21%. The measurable activities of sucrose synthase (SuSy), ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), starch phosphorylase (SPase), starch branching enzyme (SBE), and soluble starch synthase (SS) in endosperms developed at 12°C were lower than those at 22°C when compared at a similar ripening stage on an endosperm basis, but the activity of granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) was significantly higher than the corresponding activity in endosperms developing at 22°C. These findings suggest that GBSS might play a crucial role in increasing amylose during low-temperature growth conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".