Carbon dioxide balance of a crop-fallow rotation in western Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of micrometeorological and chamber techniques is a unique means to investigate the seasonal CO2 cycle in agriculture. Two growing seasons are reported in this study, one being a wet year (207 mm 1994) and the other a dry year (86 mm 1996). A Bowen ratio tower and automated soil chambers were set up in a barley and fallow field to simultaneously monitor energy and carbon dioxide fluxes. These fluxes were integrated over the measurement period to arrive at a seasonal carbon balance of each surface. Our results show that barley removed CO2 from the atmosphere, amounting to −9.5 and −8.5 Mg CO2 ha-1 in 1994 and 1996, respectively. A portion of the atmospheric CO2 was retained by the soil (6.6 and 3.7 Mg CO2 ha-1 in 1994 and 1996, respectively). The soil in fallow emitted −11.1 and −6.7 Mg CO2 ha-1 in 1994 and 1996, respectively. Above a crop-fallow area, the atmosphere gained CO2 from the surface in 1994 (0.8 Mg CO2 ha-1) but was a source of CO2 in 1996 (losing −1 Mg CO2 ha-1 to the surface). The soil under a crop-fallow area lost CO2 in both years (−2.2 and −1.5 Mg CO2 ha-1 in 1994 and 1996, respectively). Key words: Carbon dioxide, fluxes, barley, fallow, respiration, photosynthesis
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".