Network-Based Tracking Control of Spacecraft Formation Flying with Communication Delays
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The formation tracking problem for multiple spacecraft in the framework of networked control systems (NCSs) is investigated. A reference trajectory is generated by the force-free linearized equations of the relative motion (known as Hill's equations). A sampled-data representation of the NCS is considered for the tracking control of relative motion between the leader and follower spacecraft in the presence of variable communication delays and bounded external disturbances. By adding a buffer which is longer than the worst case delay and augmenting the system model to include past values of system input as additional states, a new discrete time-invariant model is formulated, and a digital controller is developed to guarantee the exponentially uniformly ultimate boundedness (UUB) of the tracking errors and to ensure desired formation objectives. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller. The proposed controller is successful in establishing projected circular formation with the maximum magnitude of the steady-state tracking error 0.056 and the control forces remain bounded within 50 mN.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it