Solar radiative transfer for stratiform clouds with horizontal variations in liquid‐water path and droplet effective radius
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Effects of horizontal variations in liquid‐water path (LWP) and droplet effective radius ( r e ) on solar radiative‐transfer properties of stratiform clouds are addressed. To this end, a broadband Monte Carlo solar radiation code and in situ aircraft observations of cloud properties collected in the Radiation, Aerosol and Cloud Experiment are used. The experiments confirm that the radiative impact of cloud horizontal inhomogeneity is dominated by variations in LWP, which make cloud short‐wave albedo smaller than that for a corresponding plane‐parallel horizontally homogeneous cloud. When horizontal variations in r e are accounted for, however, the impact due to horizontal variations in LWP is usually reduced. When r e and LWP are highly correlated, as is typically the case, the impact on albedo due to LWP variations alone can be reduced easily by 30% when variations in r e are included. Uncertainty factors involved in the calculations are also discussed. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".