Increased Serum Neurotrophin-4/5 Levels in Bipolar Disorder
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neurotrophins are central to several aspects of central nervous system function, and emerging evidence links these growth factors to mood disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate serum neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5) levels in patients with bipolar disorder, both within mood episodes and in euthymia. Patients with bipolar I disorder (n=154) and controls (n=30) had their NT-4/5 serum levels assayed using an ELISA. Levels of NT-4/5 levels were significantly higher in bipolar disorder patients than in controls; NT-4/5 levels were increased in mania, depression and euthymia, but not significantly different between BD mood states. As far as are aware, this is the first study showing NT-4/5 immunocontent alterations in bipolar disorder. A tentative explanation would be that NT-4/5 increases is compensating for ongoing oxidative damage in dopaminergic neurons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".