Permeability of lime- and cement-treated clayey soils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The permeability (k) of lime- and cement-treated clayey soils was investigated in the laboratory by flexible-wall permeability tests and oedometer tests. Test results indicate that for the cement-treated soils (with up to 8% cement content by dry weight), the value of k is almost equal to that of untreated soils under identical void ratio (e) conditions, and the k value decreases significantly when the cement content is higher than 8%. For lime-treated soils, the threshold lime content is about 4%. Investigation of the soil microstructure using the mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging indicates that when the cementation products formed by the pozzolanic reaction fill mainly the intra-aggregate pores, the value of k is comparable for the treated and untreated samples. When the cementation products begin to fill the interaggregate pores, the value of k of the treated sample becomes smaller than that of the untreated soil sample under the identical e value condition. An indication that the cementation products have filled the interaggregate pores is the rapid increase in strength of the treated soil.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".