Plasma-Associated Halogenated Phenolic Contaminants in Benthic and Pelagic Fish Species from the Detroit River
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Halogenated phenolic contaminants (HPCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other organochlorine (OC) contaminants (DDTs, chlordanes, HCH, and octachlorostyrene (OCS)) were determined (ng/g, wet wt basis) in the blood plasma of 6 piscivorous/pelagic- and 7 benthic-feeding fish species from the Detroit River. Seven to twelve hydroxylated (OH) PCB congeners with pentachloro- to nonachloro-substitution, pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 4-OH-heptachlorostyrene (4-OH-HpCS), as well as a number of other unidentified HPCs, were detected in all the fish species studied. The concentrations of sigma-OH-PCB (0.57-129.5 ng/ g), 4-OH-HpCS (0.02-0.31 ng/g), and PCP (0.05-3.42 ng/ g) in comparison to other major polychlorinated contaminants (sigma-PCB (10.4-909.0 ng/g), sigma-chlordane (0.72-8.68 ng/g), sigma-DDT (2.10-66.57 ng/g), and sigma-HCH (0.04-0.84 ng/g)) demonstrate the importance of HPCs, especially OH-PCBs, as plasma-associated contaminants. OH-PCBs are most likely metabolites of PCBs, and 4-OH-HpCS is a likely metabolite of OCS. Our findings indicate that metabolic biotransformation is a factor in the bioaccumulation, pharmacokinetics, and fate of OCS and highly chlorinated PCB congeners that are generally more recalcitrant in fish. Target tissue exposure to circulating OH-PCBs was variable, and thus potential OH-PCB-mediated toxicological activity and effects (e.g., endocrine-related) and health risks are different among the fish species.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".