Effect of a Soft Interleaf on Transverse Cracks in Thick Glass Fiber–Epoxy Cross-ply Laminates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An interleaf has an effect on delamination, fracture and fatigue crack growth, and impact damage. Here, it is shown that a soft interleaf placed between plies of similar orientation will delay transverse cracks and extend laminate fatigue life. Fatigue test results on symmetric cross-ply laminate coupon specimens with a thick 90 -layer show that the interleaf did stall the rapid crack growth for a significant period before proceeding to the interior of the specimen. It was observed that the crack path was not straight but tended to translate along the interleaf–90 ply interface for some distance. A numerical analysis was used to study the effects of interleaf stiffness, thickness, and position. For a soft interleaf the crack energy release rate increases rapidly as the crack approaches the interleaf but then drops to a minimum value well below that of the laminate without interleaf when the crack tip is in and just past the interleaf. An increase in the soft interleaf thickness only slightly decreased this minimum value. The minimum energy release rate is shown to decrease as the interleaf is placed closer to the original crack tip near the outside surface of the laminate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".