Metal concentrations in two freshwater gastropods (Mollusca) in the St. Lawrence River and relationships with environmental contamination
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study assesses the potential use of two dominant freshwater gastropod species of the St. Lawrence River, Bithynia tentaculata (Prosobranchia) and Physa gyrina (Pulmonata), as biomonitors of metal pollution. Gastropods were collected in the littoral zone of Lake St. Louis and Lake St. Pierre, two shallow fluvial lakes of the St. Lawrence River, at sampling stations chosen to represent a metal concentration gradient in sediments. The soft body tissues of snails were analyzed for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Metal concentrations in snail tissues were related to those in macrophytes, on which the snails were collected, and in nearby sediments, where the metal ion concentrations at the water-sediment interface were estimated. There was a significant effect of age on the essential metals Cu and Zn, adults of B. tentaculata showing higher concentrations than juveniles. Significant relationships were obtained between Cd and Zn concentrations in snail tissues and those in the environment (macrophytes or the estimated free metal ion levels at the water-sediment interface). Some other relationships were also obtained with Ni, Pb, and Cu in P. gyrina. Bithynia tentaculata appears to be a promising biomonitor species, particularly for Cd and Zn.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".