Comparative XPS Study of Copper, Nickel, and Aluminum Coatings on Polymer Surfaces
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two nitrogen-containing polymers, polyacrylonitrile and poly(styrene- co -acrylonitrile), and three oxygen-containing polymers, poly(vinyl methyl ether), poly(vinyl methyl ketone) and poly(methyl methacrylate), were coated with copper, nickel, and aluminum under ultrahigh vacuum, and their surfaces were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that the morphology of the interface is mainly controlled by the properties of the metal, and, to a lesser extent, by the functionalities of the substrate and its physical state. Thus, aluminum condensed quickly on the polymer substrates and formed a uniform metal layer, whereas copper and nickel led to more diffuse interfaces. The mobility of copper inside oxygen-containing polymers was clearly identified, and its diffusion was enhanced by the rubbery substrates, promoting the regeneration of the polymer surface previously degraded by the metal condensation. In contrast to oxygen that did not move during the metallization (except when there was degradation), nitrogen diffused to the metal layer to form nitride species. In all cases (with Cu, Ni, and Al), metal oxide, metal nitride, and amorphous carbon were identified at the interfaces.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it