"High Order' Producer Services in Metropolitan Canada: How Footloose Are They?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
W ERNERHEIM C. M. and S HARPE C. A. (2003) "High order' "producer services in metropolitan Canada: how footloose are they?, Reg. Studies 37 , 469-490. This paper builds on the growing body of international research suggesting that the notion of engineering regional comparative advantage and economic growth by attracting "footloose' high order producer services is seriously flawed. Using Canadian metropolitan, provincial and national data for two disaggregated producer service industries we find that these industries are less footloose and provide less employment than is often believed. Our empirical analysis suggests that the conditions which favour regional economic growth and give rise to locational advantage may not be sufficiently responsive to government policy to generate expected spin-off effects in the absence of a supporting manufacturing sector, or close proximity to customers. The interaction between the industrial organization and the spatial characteristics of this group of service firms may be more important than previously recognized. W ERNERHEIM C. M. et S HARPE C. A. (2003) La remise en question de la mobilité des services aux entreprises industrielles de premier ordre dans le Canada métropolitain: Reg. Studies 37 , 469-490. Cet article cherche à tirer parti de l'ensemble de la recherche internationale croissante qui laisse supposer que l'idée que l'on peut manigancer l' avantage comparatif régional et la croissance économique en séduisant les services aux entreprises industrielles mobiles est gravement dé fectueuse. A partir des données provinciales et nationales relatives à deux services aux entreprises industrielles désagrégés pour le Canada métropolitain, il s'avère que ces services-là sont moins mobiles et fournissent moins d'emplois que l'on ne pense. L'analyse empirique laisse supposer que les conditions qui sont propices à la croissance économique régionale et qui entraînent des avantages géographiques ne répondent pas suffisamment à la politique du gouvernement afin de libérer les retombées pré vues en l'absence d'un secteur manufacturier annexe ou faute de la proximité des clients. Il se peut que l'interaction entre l'organisation industrielle et les caractéristiques géographiques de ce groupe de services aux entreprises soit plus importante que l'on n'avait prévu. W ERNERHEIM C. M. und S HARPE C. A. (2000) Hochrangige Herstellerleistungen in kanadischen Großstädten: Wie ungebunden sind sie?, Reg. Studies 37 , 469-490. Dieser Aufsatz stützt sich auf das anwachsende Material internationaler Forschung, welches nahelegt, daß die Idee, regionalen Wettbewerbsvorteil und Wirtschaftswachstum durch Anwerbung ungebundener, hochrangiger Herstellerdienstleistungen zu bewerkstelligen, schwerwiegende Mängel aufweist. Mit Hilfe von Daten für kanadische Groß städte, Provinzen und das Gesamtland für zwei getrennte Herstellerdienstleistungsindustrien wird festgestellt, daß diese Industrien weniger ungebunden und weniger Arbeitsplatz schaffend sind, als gemeinhin angenommen wird. Die empirische Analyse der Autoren legt nahe, daß die Bedingungen, die regionales Wirtschaftswachstum begünstigen und Standortvorteile entstehen lassen, vielleicht nicht genügend auf die Regierungspolitik reagieren, um angesichts des Fehlens eines stützenden Herstellungssektors oder unmittelbarer Nähe von Kunden erhoffte Folgewirkungen auszulösen. Die Wechselwirkung von industrieller Organisation und den räumlichen Eigenschaften dieser Dienstleistungen anbietenden Firmengruppe dürfte sich als wichtiger erweisen als zuvor angenommen.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".