Emergence and Pathogenicity of Highly Virulent Cryptococcus gattii Genotypes in the Northwest United States
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No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame — the usual design — would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.
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- Teacher spread
- 0.238 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
Cryptococcus gattii causes life-threatening disease in otherwise healthy hosts and to a lesser extent in immunocompromised hosts. The highest incidence for this disease is on Vancouver Island, Canada, where an outbreak is expanding into neighboring regions including mainland British Columbia and the United States. This outbreak is caused predominantly by C. gattii molecular type VGII, specifically VGIIa/major. In addition, a novel genotype, VGIIc, has emerged in Oregon and is now a major source of illness in the region. Through molecular epidemiology and population analysis of MLST and VNTR markers, we show that the VGIIc group is clonal and hypothesize it arose recently. The VGIIa/IIc outbreak lineages are sexually fertile and studies support ongoing recombination in the global VGII population. This illustrates two hallmarks of emerging outbreaks: high clonality and the emergence of novel genotypes via recombination. In macrophage and murine infections, the novel VGIIc genotype and VGIIa/major isolates from the United States are highly virulent compared to similar non-outbreak VGIIa/major-related isolates. Combined MLST-VNTR analysis distinguishes clonal expansion of the VGIIa/major outbreak genotype from related but distinguishable less-virulent genotypes isolated from other geographic regions. Our evidence documents emerging hypervirulent genotypes in the United States that may expand further and provides insight into the possible molecular and geographic origins of the outbreak.
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The record
- Venue
- PLoS Pathogens
- Topic
- Fungal Infections and Studies
- Field
- Medicine
- Canadian institutions
- —
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesMedical Research CouncilNational Institutes of HealthBroad Institute
- Keywords
- Cryptococcus gattiiOutbreakGenotypeMultilocus sequence typingBiologyPopulationMolecular epidemiologyVirulenceGenotypingVirologyCryptococcosisGeneticsMicrobiologyMedicineGeneEnvironmental health
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes