Spinocerebellar syndrome in patients infected with human T-lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I/HTLV-II):report of 3 cases from Panama
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cerebellar symptoms at onset are unusual in HTLV-I/II-associated tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). A prospective study of neurological disorders in Panama (1985-1990) revealed 13 patients with TSP and 3 with HTLV-I/II-associated spinocerebellar syndrome (HSCS) presenting at onset loss of balance, wide-based stance and gait, truncal instability, and mild leg ataxia (vermian cerebellar syndrome), with absent upper limb dysmetria but with postural tremor, downbeat nystagmus, and dysarthria. In 4-5 years, spinal cord manifestations of TSP developed, including spastic paraparesis, pyramidal signs, bladder and sphincter disturbances. Two patients were infected with HTLV-I and another one, a Guaymi Amerindian woman, with HTLV-II. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated cerebellar atrophy involving predominantly the superior vermis. Mild axonal peripheral neuropathy in the lower limbs, dorsal column involvement and inflammatory myopathy were found by neurophysiology studies. There are 14 similar cases reported in Japan and Canada, but to our knowledge these are the first documented cases of HSCS in the tropics. A cerebellar syndrome constitutes another form of presentation of HTLV-I/II infection of the nervous system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".