Plasma protein adsorption to surfaces grafted with dense homopolymer and copolymer brushes containing poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Growing polymer chains from surface initiators in principle allows much more dense polymer surface layers to be created than can be produced by grafting of whole (self-excluding) chains. We have utilized aqueous atom transfer radical polymerization to graft a series of cleavable hydrophilic poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) homopolymers and block copolymers of substituted acrylamides from polystyrene latex to give brushes of controlled MW and surface density. Average chain separations much less than their free solution radii of gyration have been achieved. Exposure to radiolabeled single proteins or to whole plasma and subsequent analysis by SDS-PAGE shows that PNIPAM brushes decrease protein adsorption relative to the latex surface or other substituted polyacrylamides. The PNIPAM brushes exhibit a second-order phase transition around 30 degrees C as reflected by a decrease in the hydrodynamic thickness of the brush at higher temperatures. Total plasma protein adsorption is increased at 40 degrees C compared to 20 degrees C but there is significant differential adsorption behavior among the proteins detected by gel-electrophoresis analysis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".