Molecular Dynamics Study of Model Molecules Resembling Asphaltene-Like Structures in Aqueous Organic Solvent Systems
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to study the aggregation of model molecules representing some structural features of asphaltenes in different solvents, namely, water, toluene, and heptane. Three different model molecules with similar molecular weights were developed as representatives of continental- and archipelago-type structures of asphaltenes. Two types of continental models were employed, one containing no charged entities and another containing one anionic terminal carboxylic group on an aliphatic chain. Analysis of the aggregate structures in single pure solvents indicate stacking of the polyaromatic rings as the dominant structural feature of the aggregates. Simulations were then conducted to study aggregation and partitioning of these model molecules in binary mixtures of water and toluene. A key observation from these simulations was that uncharged molecules did not congregate at the toluene−water interface, whereas charged terminal groups had a distinct affinity for the toluene−water interface. In the presence of charged entities, the resulting aggregate had a complex three-dimensional structure containing stacked polyaromatic rings tethered to the interface by the anionic terminal groups.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it