Oil sand tailings characterisation for centrifuge dewatering
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main objective of this paper was to develop a fundamental understanding of oil sand tailings for centrifuge dewatering. Laboratory characterisation indicated that the investigated tailings were a fine-grained material (53% clay fraction) with a moderate water adsorption capacity (ωl= 55% and ωp= 25%). The solids consisted of 55% quartz and 40% clay minerals and showed a specific surface area of 43 m2/g and a cation exchange capacity of 29 cmol(+)/kg. Likewise, the pore water (pH = 8·15, EC = 3280 µS/cm and ZP = −46 mV) was dominated by Na+(776 mg/L), [Formula: see text] (679 mg/L), Cl−(518 mg/L) and [Formula: see text](377 mg/L). Centrifugation physically improved tailings dewatering through particle segregation, assemblage formation and flow channeling. For a g factor of up to 2550 g, the released water increased by 4·7%, the entrapped water decreased by 30% and the sediment solids content increased by 7%: all quantities compared to self-weight settling. The corresponding decrease in physicochemical properties confirmed aggregate formation and an effective capture of clay particles in the suspension zone.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".