Effect of SiO<sub>2</sub>on Silicotungstic Acid-H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>-poly(vinyl alcohol) Electrolyte for Electrochemical Supercapacitors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The environmental stability of a solid silicotungstic acid (SiWA)-H3PO4-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) electrolyte in electrochemical supercapacitor (EC) applications was improved by the incorporation of nano-SiO2. Under ambient conditions, enhanced water retention and improved stability were observed for the electrolyte with SiO2 compared to the electrolyte without SiO2. Due to the strengthening in bond interaction between SiO2 and water molecules, the electrolyte with SiO2 exhibited a more consistent proton conductivity than the one without SiO2. In addition, a cross-linking effect of SiO2 on the PVA polymer was observed as a secondary function. The performance of the SiO2-containing electrolyte was evaluated in a planar double layer EC. The thin solid EC demonstrated high rate capability of 5,000 Vs−1 in cyclic voltammograms with good environmental stability and excellent cycle life (up to 100,000 cycles demonstrated).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".