Memantine Plus Vitamin D Prevents Axonal Degeneration Caused by Lysed Blood
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intracranial hemorrhage, whether due to traumatic brain injury or ruptured cerebral aneurysm, is characterized by major neurological damage and a high mortality rate. Apart from cerebral vasospasm and mass effect, brain injury results from the release of unclotted blood that contacts neurons causing calcic stress. The combination of memantine with vitamin D, a neurosteroid hormone, may prevent blood neurotoxicity. Our purpose was to examine the potential protective effects of memantine + vitamin D against lysed or clotted blood in cortical neuronal cultures. We provide the first evidence that cortical axons in contact with lysed blood degenerate less after exposure to lysed blood in microfluidic neuronal cultures enriched with both memantine and vitamin D compared to control medium and cultures enriched with only memantine or only vitamin D. The reported synergistic neuroprotective effect of memantine + vitamin D, the combination originating an effect stronger than the sum, strongly encourages using both drugs following intracranial hemorrhage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".