Self-affine fluctuations of pions and protons and nonthermal phase transition in hadron–nucleus interactions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The paper reports a study revealing self-affine fluctuations in pion, proton, and compound multiplicity (of pions combined with protons) spectra obtained from the interactions of 350 GeV pions with AgBr nuclei. The study is performed in the transformed two-dimensional phase space of the emission and azimuthal angles using the factorial moment methodology and the concept of the Hurst exponent. Evidence of a nonthermal phase transition is obtained for self-affine fluctuations of pions along with an indication for such a regime to be seen in similar fluctuations of proton and compound multiplicity distributions. The study bridges the anisotropic nature of the multiparticle production process and an evidence of the nonthermal phase transition with similar earlier findings from hadron–hadron and nucleus–nucleus interactions and shows the same effects to be peculiar features of the multiplicity distributions of the different species of particles produced. All this brings important information about the underlying dynamics of the hadroproduction process.PACS Nos.: 25.80.Hp, 24.60.Ky, 13.85.–t
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".