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Record W2066001314 · doi:10.1080/01924036.2007.9678768

Trafficking in Women in Canada: A Critical Analysis of the Legal Framework Governing Immigrant Live‐in Caregivers

2007· article· en· W2066001314 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice · 2007
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicInternational Labor and Employment Law
Canadian institutionsUniversité Laval
Fundersnot available
KeywordsImmigrationLegislationObligationEconomic shortagePolitical scienceImmigration lawPhenomenonCriminologyLawSociology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

This article will analyze the legal framework for hiring immigrant live‐in caregivers under the Canadian Live‐in Caregiver program. This phenomenon raises issues of immigration law, social legislation and labour law, human rights and contract law. The unequal relationship between an immigrant live‐in caregiver and her employers, the obligation to live in their home for a period of two years, as well as the precariousness of her work status during this period, lead to a situation of abuse. This program contributes to exploitation and trafficking of women in Canada. Thus we propose that this program be discontinued because it allows the exploitation of immigrant workers. However, in order to enable such workers to immigrate to Canada to counteract the shortage of live‐in caregivers, we suggest that the immigration criteria for the independent class be amended.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.632
Threshold uncertainty score0.645

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.026
GPT teacher head0.342
Teacher spread0.315 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it