Investigating<i>in situ</i>stress-dependent behaviour of foamed asphalt-treated pavement materials
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present research study aims to investigate whether increases in the applied load have an impact on the modulus and the in situ behaviour of foamed asphalt (FA)-treated materials used as base layer in pavements that have been cold in-depth recycled. For this purpose, falling weight deflectometer (FWD) measurements were conducted, using varying load levels and subsequently back-calculation procedures were performed to estimate the layer moduli for each load level in order to investigate the possible stress-dependent and non-linear behaviour of the FA-treated layer material. The pavement response at each load level and therefore the critical strains in the body of the FA layer were calculated. A fibre optic sensors system was used for in situ strain measurements. The relation between the calculated, as well as, the measured strains and the applied FWD loads was used as another criterion of the possible non-linear behaviour of the FA layer. Analysis results did not indicate an in situ stress-dependent behaviour of the FA material.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".