Use of Serum Clara Cell 16-kDa (CC16) Levels as a Potential Indicator of Active Pulmonary Fibrosis in Systemic Sclerosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the clinical significance of concentrations of serum Clara cell 16-kDa protein (CC16; previously denoted CC10) in the diagnosis and monitoring of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc); and to compare CC16 levels with levels of the current most reliable serum markers for PF, such as Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) antigen and surfactant protein-D (SP-D). METHODS: Serum levels of CC16, KL-6, and SP-D were determined by ELISA in 92 patients with SSc, 20 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and 20 healthy controls. In a retrospective longitudinal study, correlation of serum CC16 levels with the activity of PF was assessed in 16 SSc patients with PF. RESULTS: Although CC16 levels were higher in patients with SSc than in SLE patients or healthy controls, the difference was not significant. Increased serum CC16 levels were associated with involvement of PF, especially active PF, as well as KL-6 and SP-D. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the utility of CC16 is slightly inferior to KL-6, but was comparable with that of SP-D for detecting PF in patients with SSc. In the longitudinal study, serum levels of CC16, KL-6, and SP-D were significantly decreased in the inactive disease phase compared to the active disease phase. CONCLUSION: CC16 levels can be used as a potential serum biomarker for PF in addition to KL-6 and SP-D in patients with SSc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".