Thru-less calibration algorithm and measurement system for on-wafer large-signal characterisation of microwave devices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A reflection-based thru-less de-embedding technique for voltage and current waveforms and absolute power flow measurements suitable for on-wafer large-signal characterisation of microwave transistors is proposed. Based on the novel calibration technique developed, which does not require any special ‘golden standard’ for waveform calibration purposes, a comprehensive and relatively inexpensive power flow, impedance and waveform measurement system, using the microwave transition analyser as a two-channel receiver, is developed. The proposed calibration algorithm is fast, simple and accurate for power de-embedding and waveform measurements. This kind of on-wafer power de-embedding and waveform measurement is helpful in the design of switching-mode power amplifiers. The developed system was tested for both 50 Ω and non-50 Ω terminated passive and active devices, and the obtained results show very good agreement with those obtained with commercial instruments.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".