Calorimetric and X-ray Studies of Clathrate Hydrates of Tetraisoamylammonium Polyacrylates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The structure of clathrate hydrates with tetraisoamylammonium polyacrylate salt incorporated as guest has been studied in this work. Also, quantitative studies on the stability changes of the clathrate hydrates with different degrees of cross-linking of the guest polymer (varied from 0 to 3%) have been conducted. A single crystal X-ray diffraction study of a crystal of the hydrate with linear (uncross-linked) tetraisoamylammonium polyacrylate as guest reveals a hexagonal structure (space group P6m2, a = 12.15 A, c =12.58 A at 100 K) with 39 host framework water molecules per one guest monomeric unit. Powder X-ray diffraction analyses confirm the identity of the above crystal structure of the hydrate with linear guest polymer and the crystal structure of the hydrates with cross-linked guest (hexagonal, a = 12.25 A, c =12.72 A at 276 K). In order to quantitatively determine the stability differences of the hydrates with the included guests having various degrees of cross-linking of the anionic chain, a series of differential scanning calorimetry measurements of the fusion enthalpy of the hydrate samples has been carried out. On the basis of the results obtained, a structural model describing the decrease in the stability of the clathrate hydrates with tetraisoamylammonium polyacrylate guest as a function of the degree of cross-linking of the guest polymer has been suggested.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".