Comparison of serum C3 complement levels between young women with recurrent urinary tract infection and healthy women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BackgroundC3 complement plays a pivotal role in the complement cascade, subserves several critical functions in human immune response and enhancing bacterial killing and its levels correlate with infectious diseases. However, the association of C3 with recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI) is still debatable.AimThe aim of this study was to assess the correlation of serum C3 levels and recurrent UTI among young women.Materials and methodsThirty-four recurrent UTI patients whose diagnosed based on Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada and European Association of Urology criteria and 34 healthy young women, aged 15–50 years old, were included in this study. Risk factors and clinical manifestations were evaluated and serum C3 levels were measured by ELISA. Correlations of risk factors, clinical manifestation and C3 levels with recurrent UTI were analyzed with chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test or t-test as appropriate with data.ResultsThis study found that some risk factors (age [p = 0.000], sexual intercourse frequency [p = 0.00], marital status [p = 0.000] and intrauterine device contraception [p = 0.000]) and clinical manifestations (fever [p = 0.000], dysuria [p = 0.000], frequent urination [p = 0.000], supra-pubic discomfort [p = 0.000] and flank pain [p = 0.006]) were correlated with recurrent UTI. Although this study found that serum C3 levels were significantly different between recurrent UTI patients and healthy young women group (mean 42.08 μg/ml ± 1.20 vs 42.75 μg/ml ± 0.71, p = 0.008), this difference is not clinically relevant.ConclusionIn this study setting, the levels of C3 among young women with recurrent UTI were lower than healthy women but were not significant clinically.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".