ZnO-based p-i-n and n-i-p heterostructure ultraviolet sensors: a comparative study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A comparative study is reported on p-NiO∕i-ZnO∕n-ITO and n-ITO∕i-ZnO∕p-NiO heterostructure ultraviolet sensors. In comparing reverse-bias current-voltage characteristics, dark current transients, and dark-current field dependence of both diodes, we observed that thermal and Poole–Frenkel generation currents dominate in the leakage. The difference in the leakage level and field dependence essentially depends on the p-i interface. Analysis of forward-bias current-voltage characteristics identifies the difference in Schottky barrier height between two diodes, which causes the difference in the contact leakage level as well. Furthermore, the p-i-n diode has better performance in photosensitivity and responsivity due to less optical loss in the top contact, and both diodes are promising for low levels of ultraviolet detection.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".