ON-CHIP POWER-EFFICIENT CURRENT FLATTENING CIRCUIT
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a control circuit which regulates the current consumption of integrated circuits using current injection and voltage scaling techniques. The control circuit can be integrated with smart cards as a countermeasure against power analysis attacks and electromagnetic emanation analysis attacks. We have designed the proposed circuit in 0.18 μm CMOS technology at 1.8 V power supply. The simulation results show that the circuit controls the current through the power supply pin of a model of a smart card microcontroller and attenuates the peak-to-peak current variations by 95%. The power dissipation overhead of the control circuit is less than 20% of the original power dissipation of the smart card microcontroller. Comparing the layout area of the proposed circuit with that of an ASIC 3-DES algorithm in the same technology shows that the control circuit only constitutes 4% of the cryptographic processor. The proposed circuit proves to be especially useful for smart cards and small portable devices, where power dissipation and chip area are critical.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it