Switchable surfactants at the polystyrene–water interface: effect of molecular structure
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) latexes prepared with either C 12 N (N’-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylacetamidinium bicarbonate) or C 12 E 2 N (N’-(2-(2-(dodecyloxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-N,N-dimethylacetamidinium bicarbonate) switchable surfactants are stable when CO 2 is present, aggregate when CO 2 is removed and can be redispersed by readdition of CO 2 . The surface coverage of the latex with surfactant drops significantly when CO 2 is removed. For PS latexes with C 12 N, the surface coverage does not return to the original value when CO 2 is reintroduced, but the coverage of the latex with C 12 E 2 N does return to the initial value. The redispersion process of the PS latex with C 12 E 2 N occurs much more rapidly when sparging with CO 2 . Both C 12 N and C 12 E 2 N behave as surfactants in the presence of CO 2 , but in the absence of CO 2 , only C 12 E 2 N continues to have some surface activity. Due to their different molecular structures, their solid surface adsorption behaviors differ. With or without CO 2 , C 12 E 2 N exhibits monolayer adsorption on the surface of the latex particle.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it